| Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that seriously affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people. With the intensification of population aging, its incidence rate continues to rise, and there is a lack of radical treatment methods. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply explore its pathogenesis. Cellular senescence plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of OA. Multiple factors, such as mechanical stress, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagic imbalance, interact with each other, driving the senescence of articular chondrocytes, synovial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. This leads to the imbalance of the joint microenvironment and accelerates the progression of OA. At present, although certain progress has been made in relevant research, most of it focuses on a single factor. There is a lack of systematic research on the synergistic action mechanisms of various factors, and there are many challenges in translating the research results into clinical treatment strategies. This article systematically combs the characteristics, mechanisms, and functions of cellular senescence in OA, and analyzes the interaction network of multiple factors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for revealing the pathogenesis of OA and developing innovative treatment options. |