| Osteosarcopenia (OS) refers to a disease state characterized by the coexistence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, a musculoskeletal disorder that emerges with advancing age. It significantly diminishes the quality of life in elderly population and markedly increases the risks of falls, fractures, disability, and even mortality. The pathogenic factors of OS are complex, with mitochondrial dysfunction playing a pivotal role in its onset and progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction denotes an abnormal state where mitochondria fail to perform their physiological functions properly due to disruptions in structure, metabolism, or regulatory processes. This dysfunction not only impairs energy metabolism but also triggers a cascade of responses, including oxidative stress, electron transport chain imbalance, mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities, and dysregulated cell death signaling, ultimately leading to cellular and tissue damage, as well as systemic pathological changes. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, exploring its role in the pathogenesis of OS, with the aim of providing novel insights and approaches for the clinical treatment of OS. |